Subtitles of the Movie

Obviously the very first thing to do after you have published your website is to go to the Internet, go to the web, fire up your browser and check to see that your website is online and working as you expect it to. Now obviously before you can do that, you have to know where it is. If you have already registered a domain name for it such as www.mynewsite.com then that's obviously the address for you to go to but, if it’s stored somewhere else, perhaps it might be stored on your ISP in one of their sub directories if you like, so the address of the site might be, as you can see on the screen, www.ispsrus.com/mynewsite, anyway that information, you have to get from the Internet service provider, you have to ask them where your site will be before it has a domain name attached to it and obviously when you find out, you go there and you test it and if you find there are things wrong with it, then you go back through the development cycle and republish and retest. Now there are actually other ways to get onto the web host computer besides using FTP and that's what this module is for to detail some of those options. Some Internet service providers and web hosts allow you to use the telnet program to log in to their machine, the machine that's hosting your website so that you can administer it in some way. I’m going to show you a brief demonstration of telnet now if you've never seen the program before if you’re unfamiliar with it, it's a bit like using a DOS prompt, you need to know command line commands, except you won’t actually be using DOS commands. You’ll be using Unix commands because you will probably end up with a Unix shell if you have no experience in using Unix at all then its probably best that you just avoid the telnet option all together. However if you are comfortable using the Unix shell and some of the Unix commands then you’ll find you have full access to an entire suite of Unix programs simply by logging in to your web host computer using telnet. I’ll show you a brief demonstration of that now, I’m going to log in to my web host, which is Zip in Australia. This is telnet running here, so I’ll now connect to the computer that I usually connect to which is shell.zip.com.au which I just do like this Type it in shell.zip.com.au I get to say what port I want and if you don't know anything about ports, don't worry about this now, it's a little bit like FTP it’s on port 21. Telnet has its own specified port and I’m going to use vt100 terminal emulation, connect and I’ll now log in with my username and password which will usually be the same one that you've got with your account and the same one you use for FTP. I have new mail and here I am logged in. Now I can do all the regular things that you can do in Unix. I can examine my files, I could cd into my trip website, and have a look at the files in there which is using dir, which is actually not a Unix command at all but just happens to work, I could use ‘ls’ which eventuates to the same thing, I could use a ‘du’ to give me a disk space, 52 megabytes I could examine my processes that are running, I could see who is logged into the system, there's all the people that are currently logged in I’m supposedly in that list somewhere, in other words it's a full suite of Unix programs available to you. In this folder that I’m in, which is my trip website, I could remove files using ‘rm’ I could rename them using ‘mv’, I could copy them some where else using ‘cp There’s a bunch of things that I could do. I’ll come back to telnet in a moment because I want to show you another important command for you to have a play with but before I do, I want to mention that there are actually other ways of getting into your website, many web hosts offer what they call control panels that allow you to manipulate your site in some way. The things that you can do through a typical control panel might be upload, delete and edit files that are on it, you can change your password, your login password, you can create email address for yourself or modify existing email addresses set them to redirect some where else and so on, you can change the actual account details, your credit card details, you contact details and so forth and things like that. These are all available on control panels and they’re all different and they’re all supposedly quite easy to use not like the Unix shell. Finally, on a Unix system, if you've got some CGI scripts in place or any other program that should be executed by the guests to your site, you must set the file permissions in order that visitors to your site can actually execute these programs. Now if you have uploaded a file using FTP to your site, it is unlikely that the file permissions will be set correctly such that those files can be executed, so what you have to do is you first have to identify all the executable programs on your site and then you have to set them such that they can be executed, executed meaning they can be run. Now you can do this using FTP if your FTP client supports it or if you’re logged in using telnet then you can use the ‘chmod’ program to do that. ‘chmod’ stands for change mode. Now I’m not going to give you a full tutorial on chmod here. It's a reasonably complex program, I’ve been using Unix now for about 20 years so I’m very familiar with it but it would take me a good ten minutes to explain all the ins and outs of chmod to you now and I don't think it’s worth it. What I’ll briefly do is I'll summarize the command that you need to enter in order to make your files executable. The mode, in other words the permissions mode that you’re changing with chmod, which is the change mode program, the mode that you need your files to be is 755, I’m not going to explain the magic number 755 other than to say that this means that every body can read and execute your file and only you the owner can modify the file. Which is what you want for an executable program, you don't want anybody else to be able to modify it but you do want everybody to be able to execute it, that's all the public visitors to your site. If you use telnet, it’s reasonably simple, you just say chmod, change mode 755 and then the file name that you wish to modify. I’ll show you an example of that, I’ll just do an ‘ls’, find all the files and we've got something called photos.html Now that's not an executable program, not should it be but I’ll just use it as an example, photos chmod 755 photos.html that's all there is to it, it doesn't give you any message, it just does it!. Now I obviously don't want my photos.html to be executable so I’m just going to change it back to what it was before which is 644 and that's done now. So that's as easy as it is, you need to do that once for each of your executable scripts and theoretically you’ll never have to do it again even after you upload modifications to those scripts, they should retain their permissions if you use FTP to do it. If you delete the file and recreate it afresh, then you’ll have to set the permissions again. If you’re using FTP, you can still do it, but you have to find a way to enter a raw FTP command into your FTP program. They may not be any option for doing that. If you can enter a raw FTP command then the FTP command that you have to enter is ‘site’, and then the chmod 755 file name. Your FTP program may have a user-friendly way of changing file permissions. I’ll show you briefly the CuteFTP way of doing it. Here we are in CuteFTP and I simply select a file, right click on it and there’s a chmod option there and I can say I want everything to be 755, then I say OK and it’s done. I could alternatively just say I want everybody to have execute permission. which is done like that and I can give read permission to public as well and read permission to the group 755 and that's what you end up with. But I won’t do that because I don't need to, I just wanted to show you how to. In case you are interested if you want to enter a raw command in CuteFTP you go up to here and you say input FTP command using the right click. That's how I got that little menu, right click input FTP command and then you just type in ‘sight chmod blah blah blah’, what ever it happens to be and that's how you do it. In the next module we'll look at everything to do with domain names.