Subtitles of the Movie

One of the most significant changes that's taking place in Networking and there really haven't been a whole lot other than router technologies and that's kind of been significant, but a big change that's coming is IP version 6. What we're working with now is TCP IPv4 and the real problem with it, there are a couple, security being one because it wasn't built into it and the second one is the amount of addresses that we have. When IPv4 was first created a number of years back there are 4.3 billion unique IP addresses available. Now at the time everybody thought wow, man, that's a bunch. You'd never need more than 4.3 billion addresses, right? That's back before we had deficits in the trillions, okay? Everything's getting bigger. Along comes IPv6 but think of what's happened. When they were creating IP addresses before in IPv4 when they were creating the space they were thinking computers. But we're now in a world where everybody has like iPods, telephones that connect to the Internet - we've got appliances in our houses that connect to the Internet, our cards will, before you know it, be Internet devices and so we're just seeing this explosion, the need for unique addresses on the Internet and so IPv6 now will provide 3.4 undecillion - that sounds like one of those joke things, you know, when you say 34 bajillion or something, it sounds just like that, but 3.4 undecillion - that number really means 3.4 times 10 to the 38th power. So it's 10 times 10 times 10 times 10 times 10 38 times times 3.4. It is an incredibly massive number. There's what it looks like. Just to kind of put it in our language, there's 200,000; there's 768 million; and you just kind of keep on going, OK? There's a billion and we haven't even got started yet and so really what this turns out to is there's all kinds of things out there that you can give an IP address to every grain of sand on the earth and then I've heard other things that said you could do that over a million times, alright? So, here's the way you say this number and I won't even read it, I'll start it off 340 undecillion, 282 decillion, 366 nonillion, 920 octillion, 938 septillion, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, OK? It would take a couple of nights just to learn how to say this thing, so that's pretty wild. It's absolutely huge and you can see where we're headed with this technology. A lot of different things are going to be connected to the Internet. Now some of the IP6 improvements other than just this incredible space is built-in quality of service. A lot of the things that we're doing with IPv4 and we've got the routers doing the heavy lifting on is now going to be built into the IP address as much as possible, so quality of service, so the sum packets can actually kind of get priority in the routers over others. More efficient routing is built in, simpler configuration, improved security and, of course, this massive increase in the number of addresses that we've got. Now, IPv6 is 128 bits, now if you remember, IPv4 was 32 bits, OK, it was four 8 bit blocks. We now have eight 16 bit blocks and it's actually represented in hexadecimal and there are two parts to this address. The Network component is 64 bits just by itself, so we've got twice as many bits just for the Network IDs and then there's a 64-bit Host component and we've doubled the size just for the hosts. And that's what a sample IPv6 IP address looks like. Now this is not as user-friendly to see as the old IPv4, so some things are going to change. Now, you can shorten an IPv6. Notice right here we've just simply removed leading zeros on these things, so we got a little shorter, saved you a couple of keystrokes there and then we can even shorten and drop zeros like we did here and just show two semicolons. Won't get into all that right now. You can go out and read about IPv6. Then, I want to point out here, if you remember in one of the other videos we talked about the IPv4 Loopback Address, or the address that points back to the machine itself; in IPv4 was 127.0.0.1 and in IPv6 it's two colons and the number 1. So colon colon 1 is the IPv6 Loopback Address. Now on the client configuration there are a couple of ways we can go. First of all, manual configuration is required for routers and that's pretty much the only thing that requires manual configuration although you can certainly do it anytime you would like, but the clients for the most part are going to be automatically configured from the routers themselves, so in the IPv4 world we typically make our server static and pretty much everything else and of course, our router gateways are static, but in the IPv6 world the routers will be static and everything else can pretty much be automatic. Of course, we have reserves and so forth, but it's really interesting that our clients will get their IP addresses from the routers, not from DHCP servers. Now there will be DHCP version 6 servers out there, but you can look for these to eventually go away and we will allow the routers to handle configuration. So as you can see, the IPv6 world's drastically different and it's going to take some different routing equipment to make IPv6 work and then especially to work with all the bells and whistles, and so in the next video or two we'll talk about how we're going to transition from IPv4 to 6, but you can see IPv6 really opens the Internet up quite a distance to do all kinds of really cool and bizarre things. So, anyway, I don't think I mentioned it in the video here, but it also does multicasting really, really well, so that's just a little bit about IPv6 addresses and how they differ and you also need to know that Windows Server 2008 and Vista automatically are using IPv6; it's turn on and if you remember in a previous video that an ipconfig and if you do this on your Vista machine or your Windows Server 2008 box, or your Windows 7, you will see an IPv6 address for your machine. So anyway, there's IPv6 Addresses.