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Exam objective 1.108.5 has a weight of 1, and verifies that candidates are able to notify users about current issues related to the system. You should be able to automate communications through login messages. There are a few standard ways to notify users of system issues. Which you use depends on the issue and the type of users you have on your system. The Issue file in the ETC directory is a text file. The text is a free login message. It's displayed in front of each login prompt. The Issue.net file in the ETC directory is also a text file. It is also a pre-login message, but it's the one that's displayed in front of the login prompt when a user telnets into the system. The MOTD file in the ETC directory is the message of the day. Its a text message that's displayed immediately after a login, but right before the shell executes. This message is seen by all command line programs, whether they're local or telnet. If you need to bring the system down for some reason, it's a good idea to notify the users so they can save stuff and log out. The shutdown command will display a message to all users. You can specify the amount of time until the shutdown, and specify the message. The message is displayed to all users and it blocks all logins after that. It's usual to tell the user how long it is until shutdown, and why the shutdown is to occur. If the situation is not so critical, you can send an e-mail message to all the users. This method has the advantage that it will reach all those users who are logged in through X, but don't have a command line window open. It has the disadvantage that they won't get it unless they read their mail. But the messages from the issues file and from the MOTD file will not be seen by those who login using the GUI interface. To see how this works, change the Message of the Day. After you change the text, log out and log back in and see the effect.